REVIEW

Expression of circadian genes in dietary stress induced Drosophila melanogaster 

Circadian rhythm, the 24-hour cycles in physiological processes, are governed by circadian genes. In Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies), these genes regulate various biological functions, including metabolism, sleep-wake cycles, and aging. This study explores the expression of circadian genes under different dietary stress conditions, including high fat, high sugar, high alcohol, high protein, and starvation diets. In Drosophila, Period, Timeless, Clock, and Cycle are the primary circadian genes, which play crucial roles in maintaining these rhythms. The regulatory mechanisms involve feedback loops where proteins encoded by these genes interact to regulate their own expression and that of other genes. Dietary stress can significantly impact circadian gene expression, leading to disruptions in the circadian clock and metabolic pathways. High fat and high sugar diets, for instance, can induce metabolic dysregulation and obesity, while high alcohol intake affects liver function and metabolism. Starvation and high protein diets also alter metabolic pathways, potentially impacting aging and lifespan. This study investigates these impacts at the molecular level, highlighting the intersection between dietary stress, circadian gene expression, and aging signaling pathways.